Bases del Franquismo

The decolonization process

Vocabulary

 Appearance; resources; rise; self-determination

To proclaim

Ruling

Such as

DEFINITION

The decolonization was a process by which colonies became independent from the colonizing countries. It happened after World War II and led to the appearance of nearly a hundred new states.

CAUSES

The main causes of decolonization were:

-          People from the colonies wanted independence from the European ruling powers that exploited their economic resources.

-          The rise of nationalist movements, inspired by different ideologies such as communism or Islam.

-          The expansion of international opinion against colonialism was manifested through the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948), which proclaimed peoples’ right to self-determination

-          The two superpowers supported decolonization because they had no colonial empires and were interested in attracting new states into their blocs.

STAGES

1º - 1945-1954: Asia and the Near East

2º - 1951-1962: North of Africa

3º - 1955-1965: Sub-Saharan Africa

4º - 1975 on: Southern colonies of Africa

1.       Look at the map on your Spanish book and name three colonies that became independent in each stage.

Principales conflictos durante la Guerra Fría

Os adjunto los enlaces con los vídeos que vimos en clase, por si os sirven de apoyo:

- Bloqueo de Berlín (1948-1949)
- Muro de Berlín (1961-1989)
- Guerra de Corea (1950-1953)
- Guerra de Vietnam (1945-1975)

Why was Europe divided by an Iron Curtain?

Vocabulary

 Rivalry; value; ownership; means of production; tie;

To reject; to implement; to sign; to promote; to strengthen;

State-run; hostile;

1.       Make a chart comparing the characteristics of the political and economic systems of the USA and the USSR

	USA	USSR
Political system
Economic system

2.       Make another chart including the economic and military alliances in both blocs. Name the members and explain the objectives of each alliance.

	USA – Capitalist bloc	USSR – Communist bloc
Economic alliances
Military alliances

3.       Page 128, act. 3.

Occupation and violence during the Second World War

Causes of the Second World War II

Causes of the Second World War

The Civil War: the opposing sides

1.       Answer to the following questions:

Republican side

a)      Who were the presidents of the Republican government during the Civil War? Which party did they belong  to?

F. Largo Caballero and J. Negrín. Both belonged to the Socialist Party (PSOE)

b)      The workers’ committees carried out a revolution. What were their measures?

They divided land, collectivized factories and repressed rebel sympathizers.

c)       Which groups made up Largo Caballero’s government? What were its two main objectives?

Republicans, socialists, communists and anarchists

To create a popular army and to put an end to uncontrolled repression by the workers’ committees.

d)      Why did the Republican coalition split?

Because of the military defeats

e)      What did Negrín try to do about the war? Did he succeed? Why?

He put forward a peace proposal.

No he didn’t, because Franco rejected it.

Rebel side

f)       Which areas of the country did the rebels control after the initial coup?

Canarias, Marruecos, Galicia, Castilla-León, Navarra, Aragón y Baleares.

g)      Who was the leader of the rebel government?

General Francisco Franco

h)      What was the main party in this side of the war? Where was the rebel capital city?

FET and JONS, which included the falangists.

i)        Name the main decisions taken by the rebel government

The prohibition of parties and unions, the annulment of the Constitution of 1931 and all statutes of autonomy, the recovery of Catholicism as the state religion and the dismantling of all Republican reforms.

Consecuencias de la Guerra Civil

The Civil War: the opposing sides

Vocabulary

Sympathiser; aid; defeat; coalition; effort; support; coup (coup d’etat); leadership; initiative; annulment

To occur; to repress; to put forward; to reject; to aim; to appoint; to merge; to dismantle

Left-wing/right-wing

Within

1.       Answer to the following questions:

Republican side

a)      Who were the presidents of the Republican government during the Civil War? Which party did they belong  to?

b)      The workers’ committees carried out a revolution. What were their measures?

c)       Which groups made up Largo Caballero’s government? What were its two main objectives?

d)      Why did the Republican coalition split?

e)      What did Negrín try to do about the war? Did he succeed? Why?

Rebel side

f)       Which areas of the country did the rebels control after the initial coup?

g)      Who was the leader of the rebel government?

h)      What was the main party in this side of the war? Where was the rebel capital city?

i)        Name the main decisions taken by the rebel government

   

   

Noticias sobre la guerra civil

Os dejo unos enlaces que os pueden resultar interesantes:
-  Noticia sobre artefactos sin explotar que se encontraron después de la Guerra Civil
- Noticia sobre los efectos de la Guerra Civil en la demografía española

La Segunda República: el Bienio Conservador y el Frente Popular

La Segunda República: el Bienio Reformista (1931-1933)

	REFORMA MILITAR	CUESTIÓN RELIGIOSA	MODELO DE ESTADO	REFORMA AGRARIA	REFORMA EDUCATIVA
CAUSAS	Ejército atrasado y con exceso de oficiales	La Iglesia tenía mucha influencia en la vida pública y en la educación	La Constitución de 1931 reconocía la existencia de unas nacionalidades históricas con lengua e identidad propias	-  Existencia de cientos de miles de jornaleros sin tierras y en una situación miserable -  Concentración de la propiedad en pocas manos	-     Modernizar el país -     Revalorizar el papel de las mujeres
MEDIDAS	-     Ley de Retiro -     Cierre de la Academia Militar de Zaragoza -     Cambio de destino de oficiales contrarios a la República	-Estado aconfesional , matrimonio civil y divorcio (Constitución) -Supresión del presupuesto para mantener al clero -Disminución de la influencia de las órdenes religiosas -Disolución de la Compañía de Jesús	-     Concesión de estatutos de autonomía a Cataluña (1932) y País Vasco (1936) -     Inicio del trámite del estatuto gallego	-  Expropiación de las fincas que no se cultivaran. Distribución entre campesinos sin tierras -  El Instituto de Reforma Agraria se creó para llevarla a cabo	-  Educación laica y gratuita -  Se impulsó la coeducación -  Se crearon 13000 escuelas y 30 institutos -  Se crearon miles de puestos docentes -  Se crearon becas -  Se trató de llevar la educación al medio rural (escuelas y Misiones Pedagógicas) -  Se crearon 5000 bibliotecas
CONSECUENCIAS U OBJETIVOS	Transformar el ejército en una institución eficiente y leal a la República	-  Oposición de la Iglesia a la República -  Disminución de la influencia de la Iglesia en la vida pública y en la educación	Creación de un Estado descentralizado, con gobiernos autónomos	-  Falta de recursos para las indemnizaciones -  Pleitos interpuestos por los propietarios -  La reforma fue lenta y limitada	-  Extensión de la cultura y de la educación -  Incorporación de la mujer a la vida activa

La Segunda República: el Gobierno Provisional (desordenado)

Why did the Restoration go into crisis?

Vocabulary Deputy; uprising; recruitment To launch; to strike; to weaken; to damage; to gain; to suppress; to stage= to carry out;    I.E.S. AURINGIS		13

1.       Listening about the crises of 1909 and 1917

a)      How was the popular uprising in Barcelona known?

b)      What was its main cause?

c)       How did it end?

d)      What happened to Prime Minister Maura?

e)    Who was governing when the crisis of 1917 happened?

f)       Who protested against the government?

g)      Which groups called for a revolutionary general strike?